Knowledge

For all those who would like to know more:

Here you will find selected studies that have investigated a potential benefit of the substances used or simply explain the topic of immune system regulation and mast cells in more detail:

Quercetin:

Cheng SC, Huang WC, S Pang JH, Wu YH, Cheng CY. Quercetin Inhibits the Production of IL-1β-Induced Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines in ARPE-19 Cells via the MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jun 17;20(12):2957. doi: 10.3390/ijms20122957. PMID: 31212975; PMCID: PMC6628093.

Shaik Y, Caraffa A, Ronconi G, Lessiani G, Conti P. Impact of polyphenols on mast cells with special emphasis on the effect of quercetin and luteolin. Cent Eur J Immunol. 2018;43(4):476-481. doi: 10.5114/ceji.2018.81347. epub 2018 Dec 31. PMID: 30799996; PMCID: PMC6384425.

Palmitoylethanolamide:

Artukoglu BB, Beyer C, Zuloff-Shani A, Brener E, Bloch MH. Efficacy of Palmitoylethanolamide for Pain: A Meta-Analysis. Pain Physician. 2017 Jul;20(5):353-362. PMID: 28727699.

Skaper SD, Facci L, Giusti P. Glia and mast cells as targets for palmitoylethanolamide, an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective lipid mediator. Mol Neurobiol. 2013 Oct;48(2):340-52. doi: 10.1007/s12035-013-8487-6. epub 2013 Jun 28. PMID: 23813098.

Vitamin D:

Liu ZQ, Li XX, Qiu SQ, Yu Y, Li MG, Yang LT, Li LJ, Wang S, Zheng PY, Liu ZG, Yang PC. Vitamin D contributes to mast cell stabilization. Allergy. 2017 Aug;72(8):1184-1192. doi: 10.1111/all.13110. epub 2017 Jan 17. PMID: 27998003.

Genistein:

Spagnuolo C, Russo GL, Orhan IE, Habtemariam S, Daglia M, Sureda A, Nabavi SF, Devi KP, Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Nabavi SM. Genistein and cancer: current status, challenges, and future directions. Adv Nutr. 2015 Jul 15;6(4):408-19. doi: 10.3945/an.114.008052. PMID: 26178025; PMCID: PMC4496735.

Luteolin:

Seelinger G, Merfort I, Schempp CM. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities of luteolin. Planta Med. 2008 Nov;74(14):1667-77. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1088314. epub 2008 Oct 20. PMID: 18937165.

Yu MS, Lee J, Lee JM, Kim Y, Chin YW, Jee JG, Keum YS, Jeong YJ Identification of myricetin and scutellarein as novel chemical inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus helicase, nsP13. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2012 Jun 15; 22(12):4049-54.

Weng Z, Patel AB, Panagiotidou S, Theoharides TC . The novel flavone tetramethoxyluteolin is a potent inhibitor of human mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015 Apr; 135(4):1044-1052.e5.

Mast cells:

Hagenlocher Y, Lorentz A. Immunomodulation of mast cells by nutrients. Mol Immunol. 2015 Jan; 63(1):25-31.

Alexandrakis M, Singh L, Boucher W, Letourneau R, Theofilopoulos P, Theoharides TC. Differential effect of flavonoids on inhibition of secretion and accumulation of secretory granules in rat basophilic leukemia cells. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1999 Jun; 21(6):379-90.